STAR:
A star is simply defined as a gaseous ball of
fire which is mostly made up of Hydrogen and Helium. Nuclear fusion
(combing of two lighter elements into a heavier element, for example
Hydrogen +Hydrogen= Helium) reaction which takes place inside a star
releases heat, light and energy balances the own gravity of the star
from shrinking into a small one, if the mass of the star increases its lifetime decreases, because nuclear fusion reaction takes place faster
and there will be no enough pressure for a continuous fusion reaction.
Stars always born from Nebula, which was a gaseous cloud under certain
pressure certain amount of gas collapse into a star.
SUN:
The Sun is the nearest star to the Earth, it is the ultimate source of energy for all living organism on mother Earth, from the preparation of food by Plants to production of electricity by Humans. The distance between Sun and Earth is 149.24 million km, which makes the sunlight to touch down the Earth surface in about 8 minutes, the mass of the Sun is about 1.98x10^30 kg. The Sun is a G- type main sequence star as its mass is 0.84-1.15 solar mass (1 solar mass =2x10^30 kg). The sun occupies about 99.96% of the mass of the solar system, as the Earth has layers as core, mantle, crust the Sun has seven layers namely Core, Radiative zone, Convective zone, Photosphere, Chromosphere and the outermost layer Corona. The sun also rotates on its own axis like the Earth but the rotational period of the sun at the Equator is faster than the poles, at the equator its rotational period is 25 days whereas in the poles the rotational period is 35days. The sun is made up of approximately 70.6% of Hydrogen and 27.4% of Helium and the remaining part contain some other elements. As the Sun is also a star it will undergo a nuclear fusion reaction it converts hydrogen into helium. The Sun not have enough capacity to convert helium into carbon. Therefore, it will be at the end of its life in about 5 billion years, once the Sun is out of fuel it will grow up into a Red giant it could swallow Earth and at last it will release it's all energy forming Nebulae but the hot core changes into a White dwarf.
White dwarf
MYSTERY OF SUN:
Corona it is the outermost layer of the Sun which is not as visible while seeing it directly, it can only be observed during Solar eclipse and by using an instrument called Coronograph which is used in telescope as it blocks the center region, and we can observe the Sun's corona, the mystery about the sun is that "Why is the corona is hotter than the surface of the Sun?," there are several theories explaining it but still there was a debate going on, Satellite like "Parker" which was launched on 2018 to observe Sun is heading towards the Sun, and it would make its closest approach on 2025, Another satellite named "Solar Orbiter" which was launched on 2020. These two satellites are expected to solve the mystery.
"WITH HOPE THAT IN FUTURE THE MYSTERY WOULD BE SOLVED BY THOSE SATELLITES"
"credits NASA and ESA"
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